The demand for stainless steels has been steadily increasing across industries such as automotive, aerospace, aviation, medical technology, and household appliances, primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, and favorable strength-to-weight ratio. Many of these applications involve components with complex geometries and strict dimensional tolerances, making machinability a crucial factor. Technical surfaces are not ideally smooth geometric surfaces separating two media, but are, from a microscopic point of view, rough surfaces characterized by a series of irregularities of different sizes, shapes, and arrangements. The roughness represents the microgeometric irregularities of the surface, i.e., unevenness at the small reference length (l) of a given direction of the surface. According to the available literature, the effect of alloying elements on roughness during conventional turning has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the effect of alloying elements and nonmetallic inclusions on roughness magnitudes in the longitudinal turning process of X8CrNiS18-9 stainless steel.
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