This paper aims to present a methodological framework for the development and validation of the Effective Ergonomic Load Coefficient (KEEO) model, an approach that seeks to quantify total workload by integrating physical, mental, organizational, and technical and technological factors. Current methods, such as RULA, REBA, OCRA, SWAT, and JCQ, address only individual aspects of work and thus limit insight into the entirety of ergonomic risk. KEEO is based on a multi-criteria integration of methodologies for determining weights and factors that have been identified as determinants of ergonomic workload. Validation includes assessment of the content validity of the questionnaire, analytical boundary checking, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained show stable linear behavior and proportionality between components, suggesting that KEEO can serve as a basis for future integrated ergonomic workload indices. This methodological work is the result of work on a doctoral dissertation on the topic "Multi-functional analysis of effective workplace workload".
Mcatamney, L., & Corlett, E. (1993). RULA: A survey method for the investigation of workrelated upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 91–99.
Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L. (2000). Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(99)00039-3
OCCHIPINTI, E. (1998). OCRA: a concise index for the assessment of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs. Ergonomics, 41(9), 1290–1311. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401398186315
Hart, S., & Staveland, L. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. 62386–62389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08
Bridger, R. (2003). Introduction to ergonomics, 2. ed. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12640
Konz, S., & Johnson, S. (2018). Work Design. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203733714
International Standard Office, ISO-6385:2016, Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems, 2016. (n.d.).
Bokrantz, J., Skoogh, A., Berlin, C., Wuest, T., & Stahre, J. (2020). Smart Maintenance: a research agenda for industrial maintenance management. International Journal of Production Economics, 224, 107547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107547
Marras, W. S. (2006). Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420003635
Herić. (n.d.). Methodological framework for the development and multi-criteria validation of the effective ergonomic load model. Journal of Sustainable Technologies and Materials.
Saaty, R. W. (1987). The analytic hierarchy process—what it is and how it is used. Mathematical Modelling, 9(3–5), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8
Develli, R. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and Applications Applied, 26 Applied Social Research Methods, ed. by L. Bickman and D. J. Rog, 4th edition, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238
Karasek, R. (1990). Healthy work : stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life.
Kristensen, T. S., Hannerz, H., Høgh, A., & Borg, V. (2005). The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire—a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 31(6), 438–449. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.948
Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics. (2006). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420003642
The Impact of Different Artificial Neural Network Structures on the Results of Preprocessing 3D Digitization Data. (2025). Tehnicki Vjesnik - Technical Gazette, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20250131002314
Topčić, A., Nurkić, A., Cerjaković, E., Lovrić, S., & Herić, M. (n.d.). Application of “soft” threedimensional printing tools in injection moulding of plastic parts, International scientific conference -ETIKUM 2021.
Cerjaković, E. (2015). Influence of structure of manufacturing system and amount of investment on production costs. Tehnicki Vjesnik-Technical Gazette, 22(3), 771–780. https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20140307103216
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
